On August 29, 1995, aided by NASA-developed propulsion controlled aircraft (PCA) system, a McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 made the first-ever, safe landings of an actual transport aircraft using only engine power for control. Later, on November 30, 1995, improved software enabled a McDonnell-Douglas MD-11 to make a final landing at Edwards without the need for the pilot to manipulate the flight controls while using only engine power for control.