Estimate Request for the image
V01054
To make a request for several images, go back to the
Picture Library
and add them to the Light Box.
Add to my light box
View my light box
Ref :
V01054
Theme :
Earth in Space
(419 images)
Title :
Largest-ever Ozone Hole over Antarctica
Caption :
A NASA instrument has detected an Antarctic ozone 'hole' (what scientists call an 'ozone depletion area') that is three times larger than the entire land mass of the United Statesthe largest such area ever observed. The 'hole' expanded to a record size of approximately 11 million square miles (28.3 million square kilometers) on Sept. 3, 2000. The previous record was approximately 10.5 million square miles (27.2 million square km) on Sept. 19, 1998. The ozone hole's size currently has stabilized, but the low levels in its interior continue to fall. The lowest readings in the ozone hole are typically observed in late September or early October each year. 'These observations reinforce concerns about the frailty of Earth's ozone layer. Although production of ozone-destroying gases has been curtailed under international agreements, concentrations of the gases in the stratosphere are only now reaching their peak. Due to their long persistence in the atmosphere, it will be many decades before the ozone hole is no longer an annual occurrence,' said Dr. Michael J. Kurylo, manager of the Upper Atmosphere Research Program, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC. Ozone molecules, made up of three atoms of oxygen, comprise a thin layer of the atmosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Most atmospheric ozone is found between approximately six miles (9.5 km) and 18 miles (29 km) above the Earth's surface. Scientists continuing to investigate this enormous hole are somewhat surprised by its size. The reasons behind the dimensions involve both early-spring conditions, and an extremely intense Antarctic vortex. The Antarctic vortex is an upper-altitude stratospheric air current that sweeps around the Antarctic continent, confining the Antarctic ozone hole. 'Variations in the size of the ozone hole and of ozone depletion accompanying it from one year to the next are not unexpected,' said Dr. Jack Kaye, Office of Earth Sciences Research Director, NASA Headquarters. 'At this point we can only wait to see how the ozone hole will evolve in the coming few months and see how the year's hole compares in all respects to those of previous years.' 'Discoveries like these demonstrate the value of our long-term commitment to providing key observations to the scientific community,' said Dr. Ghassem Asrar, Associate Administrator for NASA's Office of Earth Sciences at Headquarters. 'We will soon launch QuickTOMS and Aura, two spacecraft that will continue to gather these important data.' The measurements released today were obtained using the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) instrument aboard NASA's Earth Probe (TOMS-EP) satellite. NASA instruments have been measuring Antarctic ozone levels since the early 1970s. Since the discovery of the ozone 'hole' in 1985, TOMS has been a key instrument for monitoring ozone levels over the Earth. TOMS-EP and other ozone-measurement programs are important parts of a global environmental effort of NASA's Earth Science enterprise, a long-term research program designed to study Earth's land, oceans, atmosphere, ice and life as a total integrated system.
to specify how you want to use these images. You can also send your request by
E-mail
To make a request for several images, go back to the
Picture Library
and add them to the Light Box.
Image(s) use :
----------- Specify usage --------------
Advertising
Advertising in Press
Press
Publishing
CD Rom-Internet
Movie-Video-TV
Non-commercial
Private use
Other, please specify
Reproduction format of the image in the final document :
----------- Specify format ---------------
Up to 1/8 page
Up to 1/4 page
Up to 1/2 page
Up to 3/4 page
Up to full page
Double page
Front or Back cover
Other, please specify
Print run of the document on which the image is reproduced :
----------- Specify print run ------------
1 to 100
101 to 500
501 to 1000
1001 to 2000
2001 to 2500
2501 to 5000
5001 to 10 000
10 001 to 25 000
25 001 to 50 000
50 001 to 100 000
100 001 to 500 000
500 001 to 1 000 000
Other, please specify
Number of consecutive uses :
--------- Specify number of uses -------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Other, please specify
If image is reproduced in the Press, please specify number of titles :
If image is reproduced as a poster
please specify size of the poster :
------- Specify poster format ---------
Up to 50 x 60 cm
Up to 80 x 120 cm
Up to 240 x 300 cm
Up to 360 x 480 cm
Other, please specify
Give all useful information or specify the use of the image(s) in this box :